@article{Sukkasem_Itharat_Thisayakorn_Panthong_Makchuchit_Inprasit_Prommee_Khoenok_Sriyam_Pahusee_2022, title={Anti-inflammatory Activity of Kheaw-Hom Remedy in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophage Cells and Carrageenan-induced Paw Edema in Rats}, volume={22}, url={https://asianmedjam.com/index.php/amjam/article/view/1327}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Kheaw-Hom (KH) remedy has been widely used to treat inflammation and fever in children with measles and chickenpox. However, its anti-inflammatory activity, both <em>in vitro</em> and<em> in vivo</em>, has not been scientifically tested.</p> <p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To evaluate the<em> in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> anti-inflammatory activities of KH remedy.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The <em>in vitro</em> anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract (KHA) and ethanolic extract (KHE) were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub> ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The <em>in vivo</em> anti-inflammatory activity of KHE and KH powder (KHP) was determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and the PGE<sub>2</sub> production in tissue samples was examined using ELISA kit.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> KHE exhibited anti-inflammatory activities through the suppression of PGE<sub>2</sub> , NO, and TNF-α production with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 19.69 ± 2.09, 39.93 ± 3.28, and 85.07 ± 2.61 μg/ mL, respectively, while KHA did not. Interestingly, KHP orally administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg significantly reduced rat paw edema at 1, 2, and 3 hours (37.25%, 25.00%, and 27.09%, respectively) while KHE at the dose of 100 mg/kg noticeably reduced at 2 and 3 hours (21.67% and 19.49%) after carrageenan injection. KHP at the dose of 100 mg/kg showed maximum inhibition of PGE<sub>2</sub> production with the PGE<sub>2</sub> levels of 15.46 ± 1.33 ng/mL.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The findings from <em>in vivo</em> study strongly parallel the results of the<em> in vitro</em> study and support the traditional use of KH as a potent anti-inflammatory and antipyretic remedy.</p>}, number={-}, journal={Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine}, author={Sukkasem, Kanmanee and Itharat, Arunporn and Thisayakorn, Krittiya and Panthong, Sumalee and Makchuchit, Sunita and Inprasit, Janjira and Prommee, Nuntika and Khoenok, Wicheian and Sriyam, Kanjana and Pahusee, Darunee}, year={2022}, month={Aug.}, pages={S108} }